BMO Family Office

Through our work with ultra-affluent families, we have come to recognize that, all too often, families receive advice and services from a number of advisors across a number of subjects, yet those advisors and their recommended strategies are not unified and aligned with one another. Regrettably, in these circumstances, material value is lost, opportunities are missed and, at times, well-intended strategies fail to accomplish their goals. The families with whom we work have come to understand that their wealth is best optimized when it is not managed in discrete silos and that the pursuit of an integrated approach to the management of their wealth is a core best practice. BMO Family Office's integrated offering unifies and aligns of our clients’ existing and future strategies to help them achieve their goals. Every strategic decision we make in cooperation with our clients takes into account these relationships, recognizing the high degree of interdependency among our clients’ goals and objectives, tax and estate planning, philanthropic planning, etc. Whether our clients work with our in-house professionals across disciplines or empower us to partner with their third-party advisors, BMO Family Office's integrated approach seeks to unify all advisors and strategies towards a common goal of executing with one voice. While many organizations purport to deliver an integrated experience, few are staffed sufficiently to deliver on these claims at the level our clients require.

We provide the following core services to our clients: • Investment Advisory Services: we are a premier investment advisor to the ultra-affluent, offering integrated advice, global investment research and a continuum of service capabilities to manage and implement investment policy for clients’ private investment capital. • Family Wealth Strategies: we offer a custom-built, partner-level staffed platform to advise, integrate and execute across clients’ income tax, philanthropic, estate and wealth transfer, risk management, lifestyle and/or financial reporting needs. • Capital Advisory Services: acting as clients’ advocate and, we believe, the only open architecture liability advisor within the wealth management industry, we provide objective private banking advice across all lending and depository services. • Fiduciary Advisory Services: as a leader in delivering trust and estate services, we offer advice and administration whether we are appointed to serve as clients’ sole trustee, co-trustee, agent, executor or administrator. We also provide guidance to individual trustees in navigating the complexities of trust management and ongoing administration.

Our core investment philosophy is to provide independent and objective advice that assists our clients in preserving, protecting and growing their wealth over the long run. Our advocacy-based approach to wealth management provides an open, transparent platform from which to serve our clients. Our philosophy is also grounded in the belief that wealth is enhanced when managed in a holistic, integrated manner. We believe investment decisions should be integrated with other principal elements of the wealth management process, including liquidity management, income tax, estate and philanthropic planning and, finally, asset placement and location planning. Equally important, we believe that integrated advice necessitates that our clients’ investment portfolio strategies take into consideration their entire financial profile, whether we manage or offer advice upon all or only a portion of their assets. Recognizing that each client is unique in terms of their goals, objectives and liability profile, we seek to construct customized investment plans specifically tailored to each of our clients. Our overall investment philosophy is further supported by the following beliefs and tenets that are incorporated into our investment management process and the implementation of clients’ portfolio strategies. Strategic asset allocation is considered to be the primary driver of long-term returns, yet opportunistically allocating to attractive asset classes in the intermediate term may provide additional value. High-quality, fundamental research can identify managers capable of generating superior risk-adjusted returns and in-depth monitoring of these managers is an integral part of the ongoing management process. Managers who have the flexibility to adjust market capitalization, sector, and geographic exposures — or the type of securities held — provide an opportunity to add alpha over market cycles. Portfolio tax efficiency is paramount. We therefore seek to balance and recognize the interdependencies between all recommended portfolio strategies and our clients’ income tax posture. A client’s need for tax efficiency, income, and capital preservation should be balanced with the pursuit of higher returns within the fixed income markets. The use of alpha-seeking, active managers should be balanced and right-sized with low-cost, tax-efficient passive managers when constructing equity portfolios. Alternative assets are utilized, when appropriate, to meet client objectives. We view hedge funds as a vehicle to mitigate portfolio volatility, while still offering attractive returns over the long run. We view the less liquid private markets space as an area that presents potential for higher returns, generally in a tax efficient manner. Investment fees should be reasonable and allocated to markets and strategies with the highest alpha potential. When possible, we seek to leverage the collective purchasing power of all our clients to obtain preferential access and pricing.

The core mission of BMO Family Office is to work with ultra-affluent families who desire assistance in making insightful decisions and/or executing those decisions within the context of their private family capital. We seek to protect, preserve and grow their wealth to achieve their goals in a fully integrated fashion. Our organization is guided by the following five governing principles: Advocacy - we hold our clients’ best interests first, and act as an independent and unbiased advocate in all conversations and situations. Objectivity - we vigilantly seek to ensure an alignment of interests between our clients, their trusted advisors and our firm. Transparency - we fully disclose all fees and the nature of our relationships. Collaboration - we collaborate amongst ourselves and with our clients and their existing advisors. Performance - we hold ourselves to a high and measurable standard of excellence in all that we do.

A dedicated Lead Relationship Manager (LRM) is assigned to each client relationship; typically the LRM is the Senior Investment Advisor who holds ultimate responsibility for the client relationship and communication. Each LRM works with a talented team of individuals that help support client servicing responsibilities, including ensuring effective, accurate and timely implementation of all operational and administrative activities. In addition to the LRM, these teams are typically composed of an Investment Advisor and Investment Associate who are also available to assist clients.

We work exceptionally well with individuals and families that have a net worth in excess of $100 million and have multiple generations involved with a family enterprise. We work best with clients that have the following characteristics: Event Driven • Owns or operates a business and is thinking about transition planning • Is considering a liquidity event or inheritance • Has been discussing family office management approach Personality • Has an ability to delegate • Family values and legacy of high importance • Stewardship • Desires financial education of future generations Investment Orientation • Desires to sustain wealth and preserve family lifestyle • Qualified long term investor • Interested in both traditional and alternative asset classes • Understand both strategic and tactical asset allocation Complexity • Taxable client with numerous entities • Complex and multi-generational estate structures Focus of relationship • Clear and consistent communication • Innovative and creative solutions • Build trust through verification of advisor actions • Fill the role of Chief Financial Officer for family

1. Our objective and unbiased approach as an organization distinguishes us from most of our peers, as we are paid only by our clients and serve as each client’s chief, independent advocate. 2. Our culture and legacy were built upon the foundation of working with multi-generational families that have built successful operating companies and accumulated substantial liquid wealth, including families with a physical presence and/or assets domiciled in both the United States and globally. 3. Our organizational size strikes a careful balance between that of a high service boutique and a global institution, affording our clients customized solutions tailored to their needs, with the assurance that their wealth has been entrusted to a strong and stable steward.

On an ongoing basis, a proactive approach can be expected that meets the family groups’ needs, including: – Tailored communication via preferred communication channels o In person o Email o Phone – Client Satisfaction Assessment We offer quarterly, in-person meetings that address the following topics: – Investment performance review – Investment Outlook – Strategy recommendations & education related to outlook – Investment policy review (annual) – Asset allocation study (annual)

Intergenerational communication and education are key elements to ensure that your family is prepared for the transition of wealth. BMO Family Office supports this goal with a range of initiatives: -Family conferences,seminars and salons covering such topics such as intergenerational family governance structures, philanthropy and wealth transfer -Design, coordinate and facilitate family meetings on a range of topics to educate next generation members on all aspects of wealth management, family dynamics, family philanthropy and communication -Educate next generation members on family’s philanthropic vehicles including operational and governance aspects of entity management, best practices for effective grant-making, succession planning, investments, board practices, junior boards, etc. -Programs tailored to your family´s specific financial situation -Thought Leadership / White Papers

We do not define risk by a singular definition, but rather consider several types of risks with regard to our client portfolios. The two most critical risks we seek to protect against on behalf of our clients are the risk of failing to meet one’s investment goals and the risk of permanent loss of capital. The risk of failing to meet one’s investment goals is best measured through our regular monitoring of our clients’ portfolios, in which we review with our clients the portfolio objectives they have identified and ensure each portfolio is best-positioned to meet those goals. The risk of permanent loss of capital is one we seek to mitigate through diversified portfolio construction that aims to minimize over-concentration in an asset class or investment strategy and optimize the combination of uncorrelated assets. Within the context of portfolio-level risk, we are intensely focused on both absolute risk (the risk of experiencing negative returns) and relative risk (the risk of falling short of a given benchmark over a sustained period of time.) We use several tools to develop judgments regarding these risks. We next look beyond the portfolio level to evaluate the risks apparent with each underlying investment manager. We seek to mitigate unanticipated risks by obtaining as much transparency as possible into the underlying holdings of our investment managers. Gaining this transparency is helpful in making judgments about both absolute risk and relative risk for each underlying investment manager.

We pride ourselves on attracting and retaining top talent in the industry. Many of our professionals are CFA's, CPA's, MST's, JD's and hold advanced degrees.

BMO Family Office has honed our specialization in alternative investments over three decades. Alternative investments, where appropriate, are therefore recommended as a core part of our clients’ overall portfolio strategy. Today, we employ professionals who specifically focus upon hedge fund and private equity research and advise upon over several billion in underlying client capital commitments to these asset classes. Our collective experience, extensive manager coverage and rigorous due diligence process within the alternative investment space is a distinct strength of our firm.